Bukit Brown: World Monuments Watch 2014

For the Love of Flowers – The 4 Loves

by Yik Han

Amongst the fine tomb sculpture found in Bukit Brown are depictions of men in the company of flowers. Lest one gets the wrong impression, these are actually based on four historical personalities from ancient China. Collectively, the carvings form a set known as the “4 Loves”.

The peony (牡丹) is known as the king of flowers not without good reason. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzhong (唐玄宗), the Tang Dynasty was at the height of its power. The opulence of the Tang capital, Changan, was known far and wide and the residents lived a lavish life of luxury. The Emperor was a lover of the peony and his palace was filled with breeds from all over the empire. His fondness for the flower was only surpassed by his affection for his favourite consort. At a palace banquet to celebrate the full bloom of the peonies, the Emperor called upon the poet Li Bai to compose a poem fit for the occasion. The intrepid Li Bai readily came up with a verse which likened the beauty of the flower to that of the Lady. This lady, who was to inspire poems through the ages, was none other than Royal Concubine Yang (杨贵妃), one of the four classical beauties of ancient China. She was to meet an ignominious end when disgruntled generals demanded that she be put to death. Till today, the vivacious peony retains its traditional association with wealth and prosperity.

The Emperor is easily recognized by his stately robes, and his palace attendants hover near as he admires his beloved peonies. (photo Yik Han)

In contrast with the celebration of the material life during the Tang, learned men of the Song Dynasty advocated the cultivation of the inner spirit. A weak and corrupt administration coupled with reverses against foes abroad led to many shunning officialdom, preferring instead the life of a recluse to uphold one’s principles and dignity. The favoured flower of this period was the plum blossom (梅). Its delicate feminine beauty belied the indomitable spirit attributed to it as it blooms during the harsh winter months. The story of Lin Bu (林逋) and his beloved plum blossoms epitomised this trend. Lin, who lived a simple and quiet life during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), was interested in neither fame nor riches. A bachelor all his life, he indulged himself in cultivating plum trees and rearing cranes to such an extent that his contemporaries said that “the plum tree is as his wife and the cranes his children”. The plum blossom’s stoic beauty saw its adoption as the national flower of the Republic of China (ROC) in 1928.

The delicate petals of the plum blossoms bring quiet joy to Lin Bu.(photo Yik Han)

Unlike the plum blossom with its lofty attributes, the chrysanthemum is a much simpler creature which represents the carefree life. Tao Yuanming (陶渊明) was a Song Dynasty poet who chose to stay aloof from court intrigues and retired to spend his days with his beloved chrysanthemum flowers. The state of mind which transcends all cares has been captured in his own verse.

Tao Yuanming in his humble garb tending to his chrysanthemums, easily recognisable by their many petals.(photo Yik Han)

采菊东篱下    悠然见南山
“While picking asters ‘neath the Eastern fence
My gaze upon the Southern mountain rests”
(Translation by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Taylor)

The last of the quartet, the  lotus is known for its association with the Song philosopher Zhou Dunyi’s (周敦颐). The “Ode to the Lotus”, arguably his most popular verse, explains his preference for the lotus above all other flowers.

自李唐來，世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出于泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖 。
“Since the Tang Dynasty, many love the peony. My fondness is solely for the lily as it stays pure even though it grows in mud. After cleansing with water, it does not become bewitching.”

The lotus flower has often been taken as an allegory of how a gentleman should behave, abiding by his principles while navigating the treacherous paths of the world.

Zhou Dunyi’s lotus grows in a container rather than a pond,(photo Yik Han)

The flowers look more stylistic than natural in how they are depicted.(photo Yik Han)

In Bukit Brown, carved panels depicting the “4 Loves” can be found on the shoulders (the stone slabs adjoining the tombstone) of tombs from the 1920s and 30s. Usually, only two of the flowers are depicted; only where there are double tombs with four tomb shoulders to utilise will the full set be present. One of these rare examples is the double tomb of Tok Cheng Tuan and his wife which is due to make way for the new highway.

“Plum blossom” at Tok Cheng Tuan’s tomb.(photo Yik Han)

” Chrysanthemun” at Tok Cheng Tuan’s tomb.(photo Yik Han)

“Peony” at Tok Cheng Tuan’s tomb.(photo Yik Han)

“Lotus” at Tok Cheng Tuan’s tomb.(photo Yik Han)

The four flowers have an additional association with the seasons as they are supposed to bloom at different times: lotus (summer ), peony (spring), chrysanthemum (autumn), plum (winter). This is thematically similar to the grouping “Four Friends of the Seasons”, a favoured theme for objects adorning the study and implements of the literati, in which the bamboo is substituted for the peony. In addition, a variant of the “4 Loves” encountered in traditional Chinese art uses the association of the poet Su Dongpo with ink stones or geese. This variant has yet to be encountered in Bukit Brown.

They are among the world’s brightest, nominated  for leadership, talent and contributions in the social and economic spheres to the World Economic Forum of Young Global Leaders.

40 of them dropped in at Bukit Brown on 23 October 2012, as part of a programme there were attending at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. Volunteer Guides, Claire, Catherine, Keng Kiat and Millie took them on a one hour and half tour which only managed to cover three tombs but we still covered a lot of ground in history, heritage and civil engagement.

Millie and Keng Kiat waiting to welcome participants (photo Catherine)

Claire, in position to introduce guides and safety briefing (photo Catherine)

Our best dressed participants to date, and attentive. Impressed by the women who came in high heels and wedgies who climbed with us (photo Catherine)

Making tracks up to Tay Koh Yat – war hero and transport pioneer (Photo Catherine)

Keng Kiat on the life and times of Tay Koh Yat ( photo Catherine)

A wheel chair participant getting assistance from his team members to the tomb of Ong Sam Leong located at the highest point in Bukit Brown (photo Catherine)

Christian doesn’t let his wheelchair stop him from getting around. (Photo: Claire Leow)

Mates Jaime and Marco help Christian get up to see Ong Sam Leong’s grave, with his wife making sure all are in good shape (Photo: Claire Leow)

At Ong Sam Leong, where everyone was milling around (photo Catherine)

Time for descent (photo Catherine)

They made it to the “peak” and back!( photo Catherine)

Back into the classroom, and a robust discussion on development, after a short presentation of Singapore History from colonial times when civil society had much to contribute under the British” laissez faire” adminstration compared to present times, when the state has stepped in with providing more social services. Vice Dean of Academic Affairs, Kenneth Tan helmed the one hour session (photo Catherine)

The Dragon King, The Emperor and a New Wife….

The most spectacular cluster of tombs at Bukit Brown belonging to Ong Sam Leong and family is resplendent with carved panels which depict stories from epic Chinese classics.

Ang Yik Han shares 2 panels of  a story  in the Chinese classic “Journey to the West”

Panel 1 from:

“After touring the underworld, the spirit of Emperor Taizong returns”
游地府太宗还魂

Underworld official adds 2 strokes to character as Emperor flanked by 2 companions look on (photo Yik Han)

Background: One of the dragon kings ran afoul of celestial law and was sentenced to be executed by an official at the Tang court. The desperate dragon turned to the then Emperor, Li Shiming (李世民), and beseeches him not to allow the official to go to sleep as that was the time the deed was supposed to be done. The Emperor agreed to help and promptly summoned the official to play chess overnight with him. During the game however, the official dozed off and in that short interval his spirit went off and slew the dragon king.

Liu Quan heading to hell to deliver pumpkins (photo Yik Han)

Tour report: Photos by Philipp Aldrup. For more photos, click here

This is what Bukit Brown looks like in early morning

Early morning at Bukit Brown (photo Philipp Aldrup)

And this is what early morning participants look like at 7.30 am

The early birds, top of the morning to them! (photo Philipp Aldrup)

And if you want to know more about Philipp the photographer please visit his page

—————————————————————————————————————————–

Find out the mystery of this unique tomb at Hill 1 which is staked! (photo Raymond Goh)

Time 7.30am – 10 am

Keng Kiat (97903886) guiding.

We will not be visiting the biggest tomb, nor the colourful Sikh guards.

Highight is Keng Kiat will show and tell the mystery of  a tomb which looks like a tortoise, has elephants and the name of the occupant means “golden tiger” . It is the latest, significant “discovery”

Register here just to keep track of numbers turning up.

=========================================

Intense and immense interest at Tay Koh Yat tomb (photo Ee Hoon)

October 13 saw volunteer guides, Walter Lim, Yik Han, Keng Kiat and Ee Hoon guiding 2 groups on a special Tong Meng Hui (TMH) Tour for museum docents and students from Pioneer JC working on a TMH project.

Scribbling furiously as 3 guides take turns to explain various aspects at Tay Koh Yat tomb.

The  tour was researched and designed by Walter who conducted the first  Revolutonary  tour in Mandarin also for museum docents. This TMH tour was adapted in English by the  bi lingual brownie volunteer guides and co-ordinated by one f9 brownie, me 😉 The 2 tours were filmed for an upcoming documentary series on Bukit Brown.

Ee Hoon, documents.

A gallant moment on the hill towards stop 2 (photo Catherine Lim)

Guide Yik Han shows chivalry is not dead on the hills (photo Catherine Lim)

Museum volunteers traversed 4 hills on this tour (photo Catherine Lim)

See Tiong Hill, Alive! (photo Catherine Lim)

Walter explaining history, genealogy and contributions of the See family at See Tiong Wah’s tomb

Yik Han talks about the peony and plum blossoms on See Tiong Wah’s panels (photo Catherine Lim)

Visiting Khoo Seok Wan, the hibiscus is always in bloom, the poet speaks through the poem he wrote for himself inscribed on his alter  (photo Catherine Lim)

Read the poem here 

Tie a red ribbon on a stake tomb?  KSW tomb is in the way of the 8 lane highway (photo Catherine Lim)

The tomb of Leow Chia Heng  de facto leader of Teochews in Republican Party.

The Republican Party was formed after the TMH. See Tiong Wah and Khoo Seok Wan are members. The party together with TMH are collectively part of the Reformation movement of new China after the fall of Qing Dynasty.

Penultimate stop, tomb of Lim Keng Chiew (photo Catherine Lim)

Tan Chor Nam, aka as Tan Lian Chye last and most significant stop for the docents. His photo with Sun Yat Sen is the first one which greets visitors at Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall

The docents felt that visiting the TMH tombs helped to bring these pioneers  alive and they have more stories to share when they next guide at the Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall.

compiled by Catherine Lim

Quiet beauty and tranquility ( photo Catherine Lim)

By Eugene Tay

Eugene helms the movement “We support the Green Corridor” and is one of  the  partners of All Things Bukit Brown.

The Green Corridor is a former railway while Bukit Brown is a cemetery, so different yet so similar. The Green Corridor and Bukit Brown both connects the past and future, and both involves heritage and the environment. I hope that all of you can support the preservation of Bukit Brown, just as you have actively supported The Green Corridor so far.

I supported The Green Corridor proposal by NSS because I feel that it would improve Singapore’s long-term resilience. The biggest threat to Singapore is apathy, and when Singaporeans do not feel a sense of belonging and are not bothered with what goes on here, then Singapore is in trouble.

For Singapore to survive and prosper in the long term, it is necessary to have more opportunities in preserving our shared memories and creating our shared vision. And keeping the railway lands as a Green Corridor is one opportunity not to be wasted.

Similarly, I feel that Bukit Brown is another excellent opportunity that enables Singaporeans to feel they belong here by remembering our past and creating our future.

Remembering Our Past

Bukit Brown tells the stories of our forefathers who built Singapore, and creates opportunities for history education and discovery. The cemetery connects Singapore’s past and present, and allows us to understand that Singapore’s success is built up by our forefathers’ sweat and tears, and should not be taken for granted.

We should preserve Bukit Brown because it helps us remember our past and keeps us rooted to Singapore.

Intense interest in the historical tombs and shared camaraderie on public tours (photo Catherine Lim)

Creating Our Future

Bukit Brown presents the opportunity for transforming the cemetery into a world-class living outdoor museum or heritage park. If this transformation adopts a bottom-up approach and with stakeholder engagement, it would allow us to come together, plan and work towards a future Singapore where heritage, nature and our economic needs can co-exist.

We should preserve Bukit Brown because it enables us to work together and build bonds and resilience, and to create a space where our children and their children can enjoy and be proud of.

A place for children to play (photo Catherine Lim)

Support Bukit Brown

Singapore is a young nation and needs more common spaces like The Green Corridor and Bukit Brown to remind us how we got here and why this is home, and to create opportunities for building our future social resilience. Support Bukit Brown, just as you have supported The Green Corridor.

Here’s what you can do:

1. Sign the petition to save Bukit Brown 100% at the SOS Bukit Brown – Save Our Singapore website.

2. Join the Heritage Singapore – Bukit Brown Cemetery Facebook Group to understand more about Bukit Brown and keep yourself updated.

3. Spread the message by sharing with your friends about Bukit Brown and urging them to sign the petition.

In the end, our society will be defined not only by what we create, but by what we refuse to destroy. – John C. Sawhill

By Eugene Tay

Snap shots of  butterflies at Bukit Brown courtesy of Victor Yue and EiLeen Ong. There is a   Chinese belief that  butterflies at cemetery are signs  ancestors are around and happy for the company.

More information on butterflies spotted in Singapore can be found by joining this  group Butterflies of Singapore and Malaysia

Black-veined Tiger, uncommon in Singapore(photo Victor Yue)

common mormon, mimic of common rose (photo Eileen Ong)

Common Birdwing (photo EiLeen Ong)

It was the inaugural Revolutionary Tour so dubbed because the tombs visited belong to the revolutionaries of the Tong Meng Hui. They  made Singapore a base to raise funds to support  Sun Yat-Sen in bringing  about the fall of the Qing Dynasty who ruled between the 1905 – 1911. it was popularly  called the “辛亥革命” （Revolution of the Xin Hai Year) Post 1911 they continued to  play a part in influencing  the course of China’s history and also contributed to Singapore’s social, economic and community development.

Walter Lim led the tour conducted in Mandarin for some 36 guides from the Sun Yat Sen museum, many of whom also guide in Mandarin at  the Singapore History and Peranankan Museums. He was assisted by volunteers,  Yik Han and Ee Hoon. As tours went, it was one  of the most engaging and lively  of tours conducted at Bukit Brown, with participants sharing their insights and postulating various theories. It took nearly 5 hours to cover just under 10 tombs. There  are 13  known TMH tombs and 14  tombs known to belong to Republicans – the latter was formed after TMH at Bukit Brown.  Collectively both groups were part of the Reformation movement of the New China.

The following is a photo essay report with photos by Ee Hoon and captions contributed by Walter and Yik Han. Of the tombs covered 3 belong to Republicans:  Khoo Seok Wan, Leow Chia Heng and See Tiong Wah . The rest are Tong Meng Hui

The group gathers just before 10am for introductory briefing by Walter Lim (photo Ee Hoon )

First stop  Tay Koh Yat. At the height of his business he owned a total of 163 buses serving public transportation. He was a  patriot who started and led his own self defence force of 20,000 before  the onset of the Japanese Occupation of Singapore in World War 2. With a price on his head, Tay escaped to Indonesia with Tan Kah Kee on the eve of the war. After the war, Tay returned and immediately started to compile the fatalities from his volunteer force and lobbied the colonial government for the same compensation given to widows and children of servicemen who died during the war. Initially rejected, he appealed and the colonial government finally gave in. Tay next went on to form the Singapore Chinese Appeal Committee for the Japanese Massacre victims to seek justice and compensation.

The first stop is introduction by Yik Han to Tay Koh Yat, transport pioneer, war hero and Tong Meng Hui member (photo Ee Hoon )

Walter takes a back seat while Yik Han weighs in with more info on TKY (photo Ee Hoon )

Stop 2, destination :  the tomb of 蒋玉田(Chio York Chiang) （1856-1927). He was one of the pioneer batch of Hokkien TMH member. Others were, Tan Chor Nam, Lim Keng Chew and Liew Hong Sek.

(photo Ee Hoon )

Interesting inscription of the head stone, one  side has  ” 时国民党老同盟独具先“ and ”为华侨界代議士尚繋後思“ The first “He is a pioneer of the Guo Min Tang with sharp foresight” the second statement on the right says that he is a “Representative of the oversea chinese righteous member, a thoughtful person”

Chio York Chiang is concealed behind bushes,  on hill 2 (photo Ee Hoon )

Around the tomb of Chio York Chiang – Buried with him is his brother,  in the same tomb so the names on the tomb shoulders are those of their respective children

A tight squeeze around the tomb of Chio York Chiang which is  unique in that  it is  inscribed with  his and his brother’s,  sons’ names on each of  the tomb shoulders.(photo Ee Hoon )

Stop number 3 Tomb of Khoo Kay Hian and his third wife Lee Poh Neo, behind are his 2 older  wives and watching over the cluster his mother. The first of the tombs on the tour which is staked for exhumation as it is in the way of the proposed 8 lane highway.

Kay Hian and third wife (photo Ee Hoon )

Mother of Kay Hian (photo Ee Hoon)

Stop 4 See Tiong Wah

Making their way to See Tiong Wah cluster in a hill once known as See Tiong Wah hill because so many of his relations including his mother, wives and in laws are buried here. This cluster is also staked  ( photo Catherine Lim)

Almost there (photo Ee Hoon)

Guides wait patiently as participants tear themselves away from last tomb (photo Catherine Lim)

Ee Hoon takes a sip before launching into what she knows of See’s  genealogy including his marriage to Khoo Seok Wan’s sister. ( photo Catherine Lim)

Walter weighs in on See’s role as a Republican . (photo Catherine Lim)

Much to take in with 3 guides sharing ( photo Catherine Lim)

With 3 guides, possible to have one on one time (photo Catherine Lim)

For more on See Tiong Wah, see here

The next stop 5,  took participants up another part of Hill 2 into an overgrown tomb belonging to Boey Chuan Poh who built Wan Qing Wan

A sight of the tomb of Boey Chuan Poh, he is not a poor man but he has a really humble tomb, unmatched  to his social status at that time.

Boey barely revealed. Much ado about just who/what  was Wan Qing Yuan named after, mother, wife or horse? Officially it is his mother (photo Ee Hoon)

cascading vines screen  Boey’s tomb ( photo Ee Hoon )

Much scribbling not just here where it was cramped but at all the tombs visited, We are expecting the tours at SYS to be much expanded as a result of this tour! (photo Ee Hoon)

Craning to see and hear (photo Ee Hoon)

Stop 6 Tan Chor Nam

On to Hill 3 by car and Tan Chor Nam on foot (photo Ee Hoon)

Tan Chor Nam aka Tan Lian Chye (photo Ee Hoon)

Tan Chor Nam ( photo Ee Hoon)

Stop 7 Lim Keng Chiew

At the tomb of Lim Keng Chiew a hop and skip from Tan Chor Nam. (photo Ee Hoon)

Lim was an early member of the Tongmenghui and the first secretary of its Singapore branch. He was so active in promoting the revolutionary cause that his shoe business suffered. But you say he left his footprint on the movement. He was one of the founders of the Ho San Kong Huay, a locality organisation for Hokkiens from the Ho San region in Xiamen. (Photo Ee Hoon)

Stop 8 Khoo Seok Wan

To Hill 4 and a grave marked by a hibiscus tree which always seems to be in full blossom (photo Ee Hoon)

Khoo Seok Wan and his own epithet (photo Ee Hoon)

Read about it here

The intense interest is palpable in this scholar and revolutionary (photo Ee Hoon)

The person buried here gives  much pause for thought and talk (photo Ee Hoon)

A chance near where KSW tomb is located to study the LTA’s plans for he 8 lane highway and contemplate the stake tombs which are in the way, including Khoo Seok Wan’s (photo Ee Hoon)

In fact when you see these boards in Hill 4, follow it, look for the hibiscus plant and it will lead you to KSW, ironic isn’t it? ( photo Ee Hoon)

Stop 9 Leow Chia Heng

For more on Leow, please click here

Nearly 5 hours later, still enough energy for one last cheer, for more tours to come (photo Ee Hoon)

Look out for Revolutionary Tours in October in English!

On Sunday 26 August, Nature Society of Singapore led a bird watching walk through Bukit Brown. Thanks to Cuifen, NSS member for compiling this album on highlights from the wal kwith additional photos from her fellow bird watcher, Leng Leng.  Enjoy!

They came armed with ‘scopes and binos, cameras and the naked eye (photo Cuifen)

View into a scope. Lesser coucal spreading its wings, and sunbathing in the waterlogged fern area. The bird looks much clearer & closer when viewing directly into the scope (photo Cuifen)

Laced woodpecker sitting on a ‘nest’ of African tulip flowers. Photo taken by fellow bird watcher, Leng Leng.

Can you spot the baby monitor lizard? (photo Cuifen)

A starburst orchid. A rare sight! Photo taken by fellow bird watcher, Leng Leng.

With the Hungry Ghost festival on, maybe some pickings for the birds, after the “ghosts” have feasted of course (photo Cuifen)

Mornings are family strolls with the dog as well (photo Cuifen)

(photo Cuifen)

Collared Kingfisher. Photo taken by fellow bird watcher, Leng Leng

RELATED POSTS:

Don’t miss this video of a nightjar and its nestling! Here’s one of woodpeckers.

Birds, Flowers and More – this shows you not only the real birds and flowers but the tomb decorations depicting birds and flowers

Here’s a look at a pangolin

FOR PREVIOUS NSS WALKS:

A Nature Ramble – this helps identify some plants at Bukit Brown

Beyond Grave Matters – this is a beautifully written commentary and event report by Rosalind Tan, whose ancestors lie at Bukit Brown

NDP @ Bukit Brown

by Martina Yeo

As Singaporeans gather at the floating platform or Esplanade area to celebrate the nation’s 47^th birthday, a group of some 70  celebrated this occasion together with the “Nation’s Deceased Pioneers” at Bukit Brown. As people gathered around at the round-about area, a flag of the nation was hung up on one of the rainforest trees.

Putting up the flag (photo Martina Yeo)

After a brief introduction of Bukit Brown by Catherine, participants were handed a NDP goody bag each. After all, what’s an NDP celebration without goody bags? The goody bag was uniquely Bukit Brown and filled with symbolic meanings.

Catherine on what NDP at BB is about (photo Matina Yeo)

Giving out the goody bags (photo Martina Yeo)

What’s in the bag (photo Albert Ong)

It contained an ice-cream stick with a number written in red (symbolizing the graves affected by the 8-lane road), a packet of instant coffee (symbolizing the name that Bukit Brown was popularly known by, Kopi Sua or Coffee Hill), a candle (for participants to offer to any grave), a box of matchsticks (for lighting the candle and which symbolizes one of the Bukit Brown pioneers, Lee Kim Soo’s story from rags-to-riches), “Eagle” brand medicated oil (which is a brand successfully build up by Tan Jim Lay a grandson of  Tan Quee Lan), and a party popper (which symbolizes the five-coloured paper which is laid out  when descendants visit their ancestors’ graves during the Qing Ming Festival as an act of remembrance).

Much ado over ice cream sticks which became stakes (photo Martina Yeo)

Look at the smiling faces of those participants who were the first to guess the names of those who were buried in the graves that correspond to the number on the ice-cream sticks they received! They each won a Bukit Brown T-shirt.

The first prize of the day courtesy of Lai Chee Kien/Raymond Goh (photo Martina Yeo)

Claire on tour of staked tombs (photo Martina Yeo)

Clare then led the excited participants for a tour to visit some of the pioneers. Some seemed unable to contain their excitement when they saw a hanging branch.

Birdwoman Georgina Chin channeling her inner Jane (photo Martina Yeo)

NDP Tour continues (photo Martina Yeo)

Amongst the pioneers, participants visited the graves of Mr. & Mrs. Tay Koh Yat, Mr. Lee Kim Soo, Mr. & Mrs. See Tiong Wah, Mr. & Mrs. Khoo Kay Hian, Mr. Khoo Kay Hian’s mother and Mr. & Mrs. Tan Yong Tian.

After a short tour to some of these graves, the participants went back to the place under the Ole rain tree for a buffet. While some were making new friends and enjoying the food, others played with the dogs, patted the horse or took turns to hold the flag and took a photo with it.

The NDP “spread” in more ways than one sponsored by Raymond Goh (photo Martina Yeo)

Our 4 legged friends (photo Martina Yeo)

Astroboy after he polished off a bag of carrots nuzzles on grass (photo Martina Yeo)

Flying the flag, proudly (photo Martina Yeo

More games followed. Those who managed to answer the quiz questions correctly were smiling from ear-to-ear as they received their prize of painted tiles.

The tiles donated by Victor Lim were collected from old houses and can be found at Bukit Brown which is also the final homes for the departed (photo Martina Yeo)

Participants then sung the national anthem and said the pledge as one voice. Of course, like other NDPs, there was also the “fly-over,” but at Bukit Brown, participants folded their own paper planes using papers printed with the national flag and “flying” it using their han

Singing the National Anthem followed by the recitation of The Pledge marked a high point in the celebrations (photo Martina Yeo)

Many continued to stay on to watch the sunset, learn yoga from Bala, watch monkeys jumping from one tree to another, sing along with others or simply to enjoy the atmosphere of the place.

The beauty near day’s end (photo Martina Yeo)

Lingering on into the night (photo Martina Yeo)

“So we bid you goodnight, in one last flickering light, till we meet again my friends, we hold each other in our hearts” (photo Claire Leow)

About Martina Yeo who documented this for us:

Martina Yeo is a NUS History student. She was part of the Bukit Brown Documentation Project led by Dr. Hui Yew-Foong in documenting graves, Qing Ming, and exhumations. She wanted to document the NDP @ BB event because of the meaningfulness and uniqueness of celebrating NDP at BB rather than at other conventional locations.

(photo Matina Yeo)