28 October, 2023
by Catherine Lim
It was the April-Jun 2012 edition of Nature Watch, the Nature Society of Singapore (NSS) bi- monthly magazine of hot topics. This one featured the position paper and recommendations for Bukit Brown Cemetery together with a ed-op piece and photo feature titled “Spirit of Bukit Brown” The latter by Ilsa Sharpe, who was on a visit from Perth, which was now home. A revisit was undertaken in the light of news following the announcement of an eight-lane highway that would bifurcate the cemetery.
First Dr. Ho Hua Chew presented some of the reasons for preservation:
ECOSYETEM SERVICES
1) Carbon Sequestration
While our eco footprint is on par with that of first world nations then, “Singapore should take up the challenge of becoming not just a red dot to the world, given that the crisis of global warming has intensified to an alarming degree.”
12 years later climate change is an existentialist crisis. Globally, governments have had to face extreme weather devastation from blistering heat to numb blinding cold. Mitigating climate change requires new sustainable and equitable goals. There is a place for Bukit Brown in this.
2) Natural air-conditioning. If you have ever been to Bukit Brown, then you will have felt what I mean. Nothing more to say.
3) Rainfall sponge. It rains often in Singapore, but it also evaporates fast in our concrete jungle, the wooded areas of Bukit Brown, retains water, and “allow a slower percolation of water into the ground.” This helps prevent or reduce floods.”
Biodiversity
With the formulation of the Master Plan for the Conservation of Nature which was published, NSS had been monitoring the bird life in Bukit Brown.
Their highlights:
94 resident and migrant bird species have been recorded. That’s 26% of 364 bird species recorded under the NSS checklist in 2007. “Impressive” is how Ho describes this figure, given the landscape is mainly woodland.
Nationally threatened birds include the White-bellied Woodpecker (critically endangered and rare). The Spotted Wood Owl and Grey-headed Fish Eagle all in the same category of rare, and critically endangered; 56 species listed in the Red Data Book is 27%, making the cemetery an important site for biodiversity conservation.
Forest Birds – Extended Habitat
Bukit Brown serves as an important habitat and foraging ground for many forest species. Their presence which includes the Malkoha, Asian Fairy Bluebird and Black-headed Bulbul is probably due to over-crowding, especially at the Macritchie Forest part of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR)., opposite Lornie Road where Bukit Brown is located. There is also a disconnect with the reservoir and the golf course at Sime Road to the west, and the dam and open ground to the east.
From Bukit Brown it is “a skip and a hop” to the Southern Parks and Ridges. With the cemetery situated south of CCNR, it acts “as a bridge” to include Botanic Gardens to the Istana and Fort Canning. Bukit Brown facilitates as close to a contiguous route for forest birds to the South.
An interesting record of a Large Flying Fox was sighted close to the expressway transect area. A common sight in the past, it is now nationally extinct. It was probably a visitor from Johor or Indonesia. It is a rare sighting which indicates Bukit Brown holds promise for other wildlife apart from the birds.
Since this article was written, there have been sightings by the tomb keepers of the rare Sunda Pangolins as reported by all things Bukit Brown.
To summarise the impact of an eight- lane highway:
The expressway approximately 2 km in length cuts through the area close to MacRitchie Forest, going diagonally across the only big valley with a flowing river, and I would add the most beautiful part of Bukit Brown, with thick woodlands along the shoulders and surround areas on both sides of the valley.
Most of these will probably be wiped out by the construction of the highway. Most of the forest species which used Bukit Brown as a launching pad for foraging will lose their habitat because of the damage and destruction, wreaked. Forest birds are not long-distance flyers. The proposal for the 600 meter “vehicular bridge” although allowing for the river to continue flowing, will with its massive width cast a huge shadow underneath. Deprived of sunlight, the plants will wither and die.
In, 2012:
The Nature Society of Singapore recommends and advocates:
The whole of area of Bukit Brown be designated as a heritage park, with cultural and nature/ecological components integrated into one entity. This also allows for other recreational facilities and activities that are in harmony with the dual-heritage dimension of the park. Such activities include horse riding strolling, hiking, cycling and more. The heritage park should be proposed to the UN as an UNESCO World Heritage Park to draw the tourists – if Singapore ratifies the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. “
On May 15. 2014, having ratified the convention, the Botanic Gardens was inscribed as our first UNESCO Heritage Site.
In 2023, all things Bukit Brown, advocates and recommends that Bukit Brown Cemetery be considered for inscription as the twin to Botanic Gardens, following its success. Also, a cultural site, it tells the story of our migrant nation, embedded with exquisite and simple stonework, with inscriptions that speak of revolution and peace, and represents tangible records of ordinary times of ordinary lives from Coolies to Capitan Cinas, in colonial times.
One of the rare battlegrounds from WWII which are still intact in parts, despite the highway which cut through the last known locations where soldiers were recorded to have fell. There are mass graves from WWII still not uncovered.
Lest we forget.
This will be a fitting remembrance of our war dead, a memorial and a national heritage park.
Remember Where We Came From
“We are Singaporeans together on a small island. We are anchored by our emotional links with family and friends and by our shared sense of our history, and our common destiny. We are not just here, materialised from nowhere, appeared out of a Transformers movie, maybe, we came here somewhere, sometime there was a history to it and it is crucial to remember where we came from, how we got here”
PM Lee Hsien Loong, National Day Rally speech, 2011
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There is a Chinese saying, ” 飲水思源” translated, “remember the source of the water.”
The carbon sink (photo : Ho Hua Chew)
Birds of Bukit Brown (Nature Society of Singapore: Nature Watch)
Horse-riding and strolling, extracted from Nature Watch 2012
Intertwining Guided Walks of History, Habitat and Heritage
It’s like a three- in-one and atBB has recorded over 20,000 participants to such walks.
atBB guided walk at the grave of Tan Chor Nam
Five Cats Grave
The group welfie by Kenneth of appreciative participants
Simple grave from bricks, one of the earliest industries on the island
Elaborate 3-D grave
The grave of Tan Kim Ching. Kapitan Cina, Special Envoy in the Siamese court, scion of Tan Tock Seng
This blog post is extracted and adapted from a 2012 issue of Nature Watch. with thanks to the Nature Society of Singapore especially, Dr. Ho Hua Chew. Coming up “ The Spirit of Bukit Brown” by Ilsa Sharp.
A stopover at the the triple Wee tombs with a matriarch buried in the center flanked by her son on her left and daughter in law on the right. This was to familarise the group on material culture and what it represents, from protection to insurance for future descendants to be taken care of.
Catherine drew attention to the magnificent trees surrounding the junction of Hills 3 & 2 & 5, hosting birds nest ferns and bats.
We began proper at the grave of Tan Chor Nam aka Tan Ah Chye, founder member of Tong Meng Hui, and who subscribed to Sun Yat Sen’s vision of a Republican China. His grave marked by colourful crotons in its surrounds.
As we turned into another corner, the cluster of Cheang Hong Lims’ family, all relocated from the family burial grounds in Queenstown, probably to build our first HDB estate. Fabian spoke primarily about CHL and his beautiful and intelligent eldest daughter Murial who was made the executor of his vast estate and fortune, the subject of family feuds and infamous court cases.
Passed by the Instagram-able , Sikh Guards tomb, with a mention of the practice of “live” graves. And proceeding to Tan Boo Liat great grandson of Tan Tock Seng, and his legacy that continues the family tradition of philanthropy: the villa on a hill at Pender Road, he built in memory of his grandfather and named Golden Bell, meaning Kim Ching. A fervent advocate to ban the sale of opium, the scourge of addiction among the already impoverished coolies, he set up rehabilitation centers to help them kick the habit.
Tan’s neighbours are the triple Pang tombs, with husband and wife in the center, flanked by both his grandmother and her mother. They must have been close. His grandmother had vowed to be vegetarian, in exchange, the “gods” were to ensure that every member of the Pang family, survived WWII and came back safely, and they did. She is buried as a nun in a sitting position.
As we walked by Oh Sian Guan’s beautifully carved grave – he is the great grandfather of Kevin Kwan who gave us Crazy Rich Asians – we stood a minute’s silence, for Richard Hu our longest serving finance minister who passed away the night before. He is also part of the extended family of Ohs, Kwans’ and Hus’.
We ended officially at the grave ofTan Ean Kiam, philanthropist, founder member of the gentleman’s club Goh Loo – My Humble Abode – who died in the first year of the war, of a heart attack, or was it outbreak, to see all that the Chinese businessmen and many of them bankers, had built up in the economy, just decimated by the Japanese in the war.
He penned his own epithet. loosely translated:
“It doesn’t matter where I am buried
When the coffin covers me, that is my quilt
I am home.
It is a homage and comfort to all who had battled seas to arrive in Sinchew, Selatpor – old names for Singapore – and never made it back to the motherland.
The introduction
Material culture at the Wees’
A minutes silence for Dr. Richard Hu, of Oh, Kwan and Hu.
The crotons at Tan Chor Nam’s grave
Thanks for coming and being such a great group of participants, especially the boy who kept me occupied while Fabian held court.
A sunny Sunday morning saw an opportunity to explore a charming, idyllic stream, embraced in nature’s natural air conditioning right smack in the forested area known as Lentor (Tagore) Forest of Teachers Estate. Our guide was Leong Kwok Peng of Nature Society of Singapore (NSS).
Here are some photos of that morning, where some “frolicked” and others explored or at times did both. We all came out came out refreshed and also sad that we are in imminent danger of this intimate stream being “canalised” in concrete or buried over in development plans.
Well, hello there are you pleased to see me? Photo captured by Lawrence Chong from a most unusual angle.
A more natural angle captured by Simone Lee
And hello there again from 2 brownies, no they did not fall down from what looks deceptively like a long distance. It’s a stream so getting wet is par for the course (photo Simone Lee)
“I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden toilet pumps” – with apologies to Wordsworth , Simone thought of toilet pumps when she saw them. Photo by Ang Hock Chuan
(photo Simone Lee)
More fungi (photo Simone Lee)
“Fern Gully” – not the scientific name, just a hark back to some old movie title (Photo Simone Lee)
(photo Catherine Lim)
Our Nature Society guide Kwok Peng trying not to get his feet wet (photo Simone Lee)
(photo Simone Lee)
Maybe she had a sip of the water “Youthful Exuberance” (photo Ang Hock Chuan)
(photo Ang Hock Chuan)
Brownies streaming….. (photo Lawrence Chong)
Not that difficult to get up and down with a gallant hand to this neck of the woods, just some light bush bashing through forested trek and voila you are there. (photo Simone Lee)
Join the Nature Society of Singapore (NSS) FB group here and you can find more photos on the stream and its environs.
The NSS wrote a position paper proposing a phased development of the area leaving the streams untouched. Their rationale was quite simple, since not all the land was needed urgently :
“We leave a valuable stretch of forest as a land-bank with its ecological and biodiversity values for future generations to decide as to whether they want to preserve it or to exploit it for other uses. Tastes and needs can vary and differ from generation to generation. What is of no value today may be in great demand for a future generation. People, whether in the immediate or far future, may appreciate natural greenery and its wildlife more as these become rare or scarce —- apart from what is already there in our limited protected nature areas.”
To that we say, hear, hear and Amen. Please help to spread the word to your MPs!
You can read more about the position paper which can be downloaded here
Tripadvisor Travellers’ Choice® 2013 Winner “Ranked #16 of 665 attractions in Singapore. “
6 November, 2013.
Latest Reviews
“Get there before its too late…This is a very special place – peaceful, beautiful, historic, and a natural wildlife haven”
Visit Bukit Brown cemetery while you still can – before the bulldozers move in to create yet another expressway. This is a very special place – peaceful, beautiful, historic, and a natural wildlife haven. Intricately carved statues guard many of the old gravestones, which are often adorned with gorgeous antique tiles painted with flowers and peacocks. There are several pathways to explore and so the cemetery also makes a lovely place just to visit for a ‘country’ walk. Kingfishers, monitor lizards, monkeys and nightjars are common sights, and some of the huge banyan trees are staggering. In recent months the ‘Friends of Bukit Brown’ have painstakingly signed and cleared pathways to the gravestones of many notable names from Singapore’s history, making this an even more interesting place to visit.
Visited October 2013
HilarySingapore
Bukit Brown(photo public domain)
Singapore is a concrete jungle and if there is a garden, it is man-made, like Gardens by the Bay…..(except for) a historical site called Bukit Brown.
Today, I had the privilege of touring a historical site called Bukit Brown. Bukit Brown is a cemetery, where many of Singapore’s pioneer are buried and may soon be “awakened” from their peaceful slumber to make way for 8 lanes highway.
I toured with volunteers of Bukit Brown, and learn about the tombs of Tan Kheam Hock and his family. History is being collected as I write this review. The tour is made even more interesting with the descendants of Tan Kheam Hock in our midst. A definitely worthy visit for any tourist to Singapore, to see a side of Singapore which money cannot buy.
As Bukit Brown tour is manned by volunteers with a passion to preserve the heritage and culture of this little city state, one will need to visit Bukit Brown FB page to make enquiries of any tours.
Visited October 2013
IreneLim63
Bukit Brown, Tombs (photo public domain)
It was like stepping back into another place and time. You can see rays of sunshine illuminating the misty verdant hills, rich smell of the forest and hear sounds of delightful birds. It was somewhat surreal in heavily urbanised city but the oasis of tranquility calms the soul and the mind is clarified. What a wonderful place to go for a walk!
I joined a friend to witness the Cheng Beng festivity and was overwhelmed by the throngs of people with their prayer paraphernalia and the heavy traffic winds patiently through the hills. It was BUSY!
Then some 3 months later, I took a trip with the Brownies who gave free guided walks through Bukit Brown practically every weekends! It was like stepping back into another place and time. You can see rays of sunshine illuminating the misty verdant hills, rich smell of the forest and hear sounds of delightful birds. It was somewhat surreal in heavily urbanised city but the oasis of tranquility calms the soul and the mind is clarified. What a wonderful place to go for a walk!
Yes, we have the crowded Botanic Gardens, the monotonous MacRitchie & Pierce reservoirs, the hot Sungei Buloh Reserve and Chek Jawa Park is a little too far to reach but Bt Brown is way too cool! If you dare venture off the main track, you will encounter unusual structure, designs, engravings, statutes, reflecting the various cultures, beliefs & eras. You might encounter a monitor lizard, horse riders and almost always expats walking their dogs. Join the Sats & Suns groups of 10-20 people on the guided walks like the one I’ve taken, listening to the passionate guides who are bursting to share with you the stories of the hills.
Visited September 2013
Ally A
Bukit Brown the birds nest ferns on the raintrees (photo public domain)
“The most beautiful place on earth”
Jo Prudence, descendant of George Henry Brown, after whom the cemetery is named.
A spectacular time-lapse aerial video of Bukit Brown
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaxSMpabOL8&feature=youtu.be&ref=nf
More beauty shots of Bukit Brown here
31 October 2013
Bukit Brown is home to some 90 species of resident and migrant birds. These photos by Goh Yew Lin, capture some of the birds feeding in the early morning. The “wild fruits” are the ripe figs of Ficus benjamina (Waringin, Weeping Fig). This strangling Ficus species is one of keystone tree species in Bukit Brown. Whenever these trees are figging, the birds go gaga over the fruit feast.
The Pigeons
Green pigeon feeding (photot Goh Yew Lin)
Green pigeon amidst a feast of wild fruit (photo Goh Yew Lin)
Pigeon in flight (photo Goh Yew Lin)
Pigeon hiding amidst the fruits (photo Goh Yew Lin)
Pink-necked green pigeon (female) (photo Goh Yew Lin)
Pink-necked green pigeon (male) (photo Goh Yew Lin)
Pink-necked green pigeon feeding (photo Goh Yew Lin)
The Kingfisher
“This kingfisher was not perturbed by my presence, striking poses for a good five minutes” Goh Yew Lin
White-throated kingfisher, partly camouflaged (photo Goh Yew Lin)
The Oriole
Golden Oriole (photo Goh Yew Lin)
The Starling
Morning Vistas
Red Stem-fig tree ( Ficus variegata)
They look like dried sea urchins, but from them will spring figs (photo Cuifen)
What the fig? (photo: Angie Ng)
Angie picks up a fig of Ficus aurantiacea , a climbing fig.” (photo :Suki Singh)
Ferns grow close to the ground
This one is rare (photo Cuifen)
Set again a white backdrop, it is quite exquisite and delicate in design (photo: Cuifen)
The tiny leaf from a frond deserves closer investigation (photo: Cuifen)
An edible fern found at the foot of hill leading up to Ong Sam Leong’s gravesite
An edible fern, delicious saute with sambal belachan (a Malaysian dish) according to Angie (photo; Angie Ng)
The sori (arrangement of sporangia ) is most interesting (photo Angie Ng)
Ferns also grow on hospitable rain trees
This bird’s nest fern in turn hosts a nest for a family of bats. Cuifen who took this photo spotted four. can you spot any?
The False Curry Leaf Plant (Clausena excavata)
The False Curry Leaf Plant is a small tree which looks like a Curry Leaf plant and whose leaves also smell like it. But its small flowers are in panicles and its green oblong berries ripen pink. (photo Cuifen)
Berries from the False Curry Leave tree turning pink (photo Angie Ng)
Geophila repens
Geophilia repens with tiny white flower and bright red berries creeps among the grasses under shady trees.
Salam Tree ( Syzygium polyanth )
The Salam tree is flowering and dropping bunches of its creamy white stamens. Salam leaves are used to flavour your favourite local breakfast dish, lontong. (Photo: Cuifen)
The Napkin tree
The Napkin tree has soft leaves (photo Cuifen)
And the most spectacular of the flowering plants : Wild Orchids
Bulbophylllum vaginatum (photo Angie Ng)
Hoya Latifolia – The waxed flowers hangs high on an old rain tree, leaves are almost heart shaped (photo by Angie Ng)
Read the NSS Position Paper on Bukit Brown
This one was spotted by Cuifen Pui from the Bukit Brown Face book group the weekend before the Chinese New Year.
The same stinkhorn was spotted and shot by sgbeachbum.
http://vimeo.com/35423478
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